What is milliwatt?

A milliwatt is a unit of power equal to one thousandth of a watt. It is used in low-power electronics, wireless communication systems, laser specifications, and medical device power ratings.

Real-world uses

Milliwatts measure the power of laser pointers (Class 1: <1 mW; Class 3B: up to 500 mW), Bluetooth radios (typically 1–100 mW), Wi-Fi transmitters, and fibre optic signals. They are used in optical communications, consumer electronics, and medical laser specifications.

History

Milliwatts became relevant as the miniaturisation era brought small electrical and optical devices into widespread use from the mid-20th century. Consumer electronics, telecommunications, and biomedical equipment all required power specifications at this sub-watt scale.

Common mistakes

Confusing milliwatts (mW) with microwatts (µW)—1 mW = 1,000 µW. Also, assuming all laser pointers operate at the same power level; safety regulations classify lasers by output power in mW, and even small increases can be hazardous to the eyes.

What is watt?

The watt is the SI base unit of power. It is universally used to measure the rate of energy consumption or production in electrical appliances, engines, lighting, and virtually all power-related specifications.

Real-world uses

The watt is the SI unit of power, used to rate electrical appliances (a kettle is about 2,000 W, an LED bulb 8–12 W), solar panels, audio amplifiers, and motors. Electricity generation at power stations and renewable installations is measured in watts and its multiples.

History

Named after Scottish engineer James Watt (1736–1819), the unit was adopted by the Second Congress of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1882. Watt's improvements to the steam engine were foundational to the Industrial Revolution.

Common mistakes

Confusing watts (power) with watt-hours (energy). A 100 W light bulb uses 100 watt-hours of energy per hour. Also, equating wattage with brightness for LED bulbs—lumens measure brightness, watts measure power consumption.

When is this conversion used?

Converting milliwatt to watt is useful in the power domain when comparing values across different measurement standards or applying formulas that require a specific unit.

Worked examples

1 milliwatt = 0.001 watt

1 watt = 1 watt

How to convert milliwatt to watt

To convert milliwatt to watt, multiply the value by 0.001.

To convert watt back to milliwatt, multiply by 1,000.

Measurement standards

The watt is the SI derived unit of power, defined as one joule per second (kg·m²/s³). Horsepower remains in widespread informal use, particularly in the automotive industry, but has no single universal definition across regions.

Did you know?

The human body at rest produces about 80 watts of power — roughly enough to keep an incandescent light bulb glowing. During intense exercise, a trained cyclist can sustain over 400 watts, and elite sprinters briefly exceed 2,000 watts.

Quick reference: milliwatt to watt

milliwattwatt
0.10.0001
0.50.0005
10.001
20.002
50.005
100.01
250.025
500.05
1000.1
2500.25
5000.5
1,0001

Common values

milliwattwatt
LED light bulb10,000 milliwatt10 watt
Desktop computer300,000 milliwatt300 watt
Microwave oven1,000,000 milliwatt1,000 watt
Small car engine75,000,000 milliwatt75,000 watt
Wind turbine (large)3.000000e+09 milliwatt3,000,000 watt