What is pound per square inch?

Pound per square inch (psi) is an imperial pressure unit widely used in the United States for tire inflation, hydraulic system pressures, gas cylinder ratings, and plumbing specifications.

Real-world uses

PSI is the standard pressure unit in the United States for tyre inflation (typically 30–35 psi for cars), compressed air tools, hydraulic systems, and water pressure. HVAC systems, fire extinguisher ratings, and pressure cooker specifications use psi in North America.

History

Pounds per square inch emerged naturally from the Imperial/US customary system, combining the pound-force with the square inch. It became the dominant pressure unit in American industry and remains deeply embedded in US engineering standards and building codes.

Common mistakes

Not distinguishing between psi (absolute, psia) and psig (gauge, relative to atmosphere). A tyre reading of 32 psig actually means about 46.7 psia. Also, confusing psi with kPa when using equipment from metric countries.

What is bar?

A bar is a pressure unit approximately equal to standard atmospheric pressure, or 100,000 pascals. It is widely used in meteorology, hydraulics, diving equipment, and industrial pressure gauges.

Real-world uses

Bars are widely used in European tyre pressure specifications, compressed gas cylinder ratings, scuba diving depth gauges, and industrial process controls. Espresso machines operate at 9–15 bar. Atmospheric pressure is approximately 1.013 bar.

History

The bar was introduced by Norwegian meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes in 1909, derived from the Greek word "baros" meaning weight. Though not an SI unit, it is widely accepted in industry and was retained in the EU Directive on units of measurement.

Common mistakes

Confusing bar with atm—they are close (1 atm ≈ 1.01325 bar) but not identical. Also, gauge pressure (barg) versus absolute pressure (bara) is often mixed up; gauge pressure reads zero at atmospheric pressure.

When is this conversion used?

Converting between pound per square inch and bar is common when working across metric and imperial systems, such as international trade, travel between countries with different measurement standards, or following instructions from a different region. Tyre pressure gauges, HVAC systems, and industrial equipment may use different pressure units depending on the manufacturer and region. Converting between psi, bar, and kPa is common in automotive and engineering work.

Worked examples

1 pound per square inch = 0.06894757 bar

1 bar = 100,000 pascal

How to convert pound per square inch to bar

To convert pound per square inch to bar, multiply the value by 0.06894757.

To convert bar back to pound per square inch, multiply by 14.50377377.

Measurement standards

The pascal (Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure, defined as one newton per square metre. The World Meteorological Organization mandates the hectopascal (hPa) for atmospheric pressure reporting in aviation and weather services.

Did you know?

The pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, nearly 11 km deep, exceeds 1,086 bar — over a thousand times atmospheric pressure. At this depth, water is compressed by about 5%, making it measurably denser than at the surface.

Quick reference: pound per square inch to bar

pound per square inchbar
0.10.00689476
0.50.03447379
10.06894757
20.13789515
50.34473786
100.68947573
251.72368932
503.44737865
1006.89475729
25017.23689323
50034.47378647
1,00068.94757293

Common values

pound per square inchbar
Car tyre31.9083023 pound per square inch2.2 bar
Standard atmosphere14.69594878 pound per square inch1.01325 bar
Blood pressure (systolic)2.3206038 pound per square inch0.16 bar
Deep-sea submersible15,954.15115032 pound per square inch1,100 bar
Bicycle tyre89.92339739 pound per square inch6.2 bar